Abstract

The role of the marriage and family therapist is to work with individuals, couples, and families towards client treatment. In particular, the therapist’s understanding of the manner in which members of the family shape the mental health of one another requires that the marriage and family therapists in Oregon evaluate the families’ development and roles (American Counseling Association, 2014). To be considered for licensure, it is expected that marriage and family therapists have doctoral degrees or master’s degrees in this field. Therefore, the therapists ought to undergo a four-year undergraduate work to earn a Bachelor’s degree in counseling. This step is followed by a graduate work that leads to a master’s degree; culminating in doctoral (or PhD) work that enables one to earn a doctorate in counseling. Regarding the examination and experience for licensure as a family and marriage therapist in Oregon, it is expected that one chooses the intern method or the direct method. Regarding the direct method, individuals are expected to have an experience stretching to 2000 hours while the intern method, although demanding similar hours as the direct method, requires that at least 1000 hours are dedicated to the provision of therapy to couples and families (Anthony & Goss, 2009). Apart from gaining the field experience, licensure requires that individuals in Oregon sit for an examination. The exam that this state administers comes in the form of a computer-based test and is derived from the Professional Examination Service.

Keywords: Medical Licensure, MFT etc.

Abstract

Olive is admitted due to conflict with parents, substance abuse, depression, and anxiety. She is a 15-year-old girl and is predisposed to the problems above. Notably, the girl’ biological father was physically violent while both biological parents were alcoholics. The father’s physical violence was especially pronounced towards Olive’s biological mother. At the age of nine, Olive’s parental rights were terminated. Due to this major life event, Olive and her siblings (two brothers and a sister) resorted to a parentless children’s home. Afterward, neither her mother nor her father contacted them to check on their well-being. A few years later, Olive’s biological mother died. By the time the mother died, Olive’s brothers had been adopted, just after seeking refuge in the home for the parentless. Imperative to note is that Olive and her sister were also adopted in the following year but by a different family from that which adopted their brothers. The resultant scenario was a case of two adopted sisters with a different family; two adopted brothers with a different family, a departed mother, and an absentee father. Olive’s father and mother were of the Caucasian origin but the parents who adopted her brothers, as well as those who adopted Olive and her sister, were Hispanic. Both families are also Christian.

Keywords: Substance, Anxiety, Depression, Alcoholics etc.

Abstract

Reality therapy seeks to help individuals experiencing unmet. The main objective is to enable the individuals to create meaningful connections with other individuals, solve problems, and set goals. This technique acknowledges the criticality of five basic human needs that allow for life satisfaction and healthy functioning. These needs include power (self-esteem, self-confidence, and a sense of accomplishment), love and belonging (through community, friends, and family), survival (shelter, water, and food), fun (enjoyment, pleasure and satisfaction), and freedom (in terms of autonomy, sufficient personal space, and independence). Based on these scholarly observations, it can be inferred that reality therapy seeks to help clients in identifying any or all the unmet needs and guiding them through setting goals and making plans that seek to fulfill the perceived needs. This paper examines reality therapy in relation to its origin, the key concepts, and principles with which the framework is associated, and the evaluation of evidence base in relation to scholar or research evidence that supports the theory.

Keywords: Medical Implications, Reality, Therapy, Improvement etc.

Abstract

Drug addiction is increasing, but whether or not it is a disease or a choice remains debatable. For proponents of addiction as a disease, drug addiction is long-lasting and can be likened to a chronic disease that is unlikely to be cured. Addiction is also a relapsing and progressive condition, which justifies the assertion that it is a disease. However, those in favor of the assertion that drug addiction is a choice contend that the behavior arises from issues such as peer pressure or bad company, risky sexual behavior, and financial problems or poverty. However, this stance is worth criticizing because homelessness could result from a natural disaster; which also holds for the case of poverty that arises from socio-economic and cultural disadvantages associated with historical injustices (that cause stress, hence drug addiction). Given that the latter examples suggest social stress accruing from external causes, the extent to which the assertion that drug addiction is a choice (and not a disease) remains debatable. Similarly, the assertion that drug addiction is a disease is debatable because some individuals could resort to the use of (and become addicted to) drugs due to a cause such as peer pressure, which makes it questionable on whether or not the behavior qualifies to be a disease. Overall, whether drug addiction is a disease or a choice should be explained from the perspective of the causes.

Keywords: Medical Implications, Addictive Behavior, Adolescents etc.

Abstract

This study sought to determine how interventions by medical practitioners affect the quality of patient safety and drug therapy, with particular emphasis on elderly patients with drug-related hospitalization. From the previous literature, some of the adverse events that had been documented to cause drug-related mortality and morbidity among elderly patients include inappropriate prescribing, suboptimal dosages, and medication errors. Therefore, this study employed a randomized controlled trial to find out the degree to which clinical pharmacists’ interventions could prove informative relative to the reduction of morbidity. The target population constituted elderly patients aged 80 and above. From the findings, this study established that fewer hospital visits were reported in the intervention group. It is also notable that the study established a general positive attitude to the new collaboration (among nurses, general practitioners, and hospital-based physicians). In future, there is a need to investigate how demographic characteristics on the parts of clinical pharmacists and patients might affect the outcomes of the pharmacists’ service incorporation into the rest of the healthcare teams.

Keywords: Physician Knowledge, Patient Admissions etc.