Background: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are natural bio-polymers, which are formed by many micro-organisms in the context of a carbon and energy reservoir. PHAs are mainly dependent on the number of carbons and their molecular weight in the monomer unit. PHAs are biomedical products due to their biocompatible, biodegradable or non-toxic effects. Methodology: Nine bacterial isolates were isolated from oil-contaminated soil samples in different locations of Babylon province were diagnosed to Pseudomonas spp via traditional methods. In addition to three isolates of Lactobacillus bacteria obtained from the Advanced Microbiology Laboratory/ College of Science/ Babylon University, they were isolated from dairy. Results: all isolates were screened for PHA production by Sudan black B and Nile blue A. six isolates of Pseudomonas spp. and three of Lactobacillus spp. were shown positive for the production of PHA. After primary screening the polymer was extracted by sodium hypochlorite and chloroform. The best producing polymer in 3.4% from cell dry weight was found to be Lactobacillus spp1 was identified and characterized by VITEK 2 compact device; the result showed 87% identical to Lactobacillus plantarum. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR was used to show the functional group of extracted polymer from L. plantarum, FT-IR was used to show the functional groups of PHA samples were identified as C-O, C-H and C=O. The FT-IR spectra of PHA containing carbonyl group (C=O) occurred in a strong band at 1739.85cm^-1. The solubility of PHA was also measured in several solvents. The results showed that the polymer was well dissolved by chloroform and Dimethyl sulfoxide. The polymer produced from L. plantarum was combined with Gentamicin was added to obtain a 5:1 or 10:1 (w/w) Gentamicin content to improve the performance improvement of Gentamicin against bacterial biofilm. Diagnosed pathogenic bacteria were then obtained from hospitals in Babylon province for later use in Gentamicin and PHA loaded Gentamicin running tests. The minimum inhibitory concentration MIC of the Gentamicin concentration was 0.2 mg/ml. The antibacterial activity of Gentamicin, PHA loaded Gentamicin (5:1 or 10:1) and PHA was studied against two types of gram-positive (Enterococcus spp) and gram-negative (K. pneumoniae) bacteria; the results show the effect of PHA loaded Gentamicin (5:1 or 10:1) stronger than Gentamicin against pathogenic bacteria, while there is not any effect for the alone polymer.The biofilm formation was studied on a wavelength of 630 nm via the ELISA reader and it was found that both isolates can form biofilms. Conclusion: The study concluded that Polyhydroxyalkanoate loaded Gentamicin (1:5) was stronger than Gentamicin and Polyhydroxyalkanoate loaded Gentamicin (1:10) against the biofilm formation.

• Altaee, N., Fahdil, A., Yousif, E., & Sudesh, K. (2016). Recovery and subsequent characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate from Rhodococcus equi cells grown on crude palm kernel oil. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 10(4), 543-550.
• Aramvash, A., Gholami‐Banadkuki, N., & Seyedkarimi, M. S. (2016). An efficient method for the application of PHA‐poor solvents to extract polyhydroxybutyrate from Cupriavidus necator. Biotechnology Progress, 32(6), 1480-1486.
• Branda, S. S., Vik, Å., Friedman, L., & Kolter, R. (2005). Biofilms: the matrix revisited. Trends in microbiology, 13(1), 20-26.
• Christensen, G. D., Simpson, W. A., Younger, J. J., Baddour, L. M., Barrett, F. F., Melton, D. M., & Beachey, E. H. (1985). Adherence of coagulase-negative staphylococci to plastic tissue culture plates: a quantitative model for the adherence of staphylococci to medical devices. Journal of clinical microbiology, 22(6), 996-1006.
• Daly, S. R. (2018). Purification and Modification of Poly (β-hydroxybutyrate) for Food Packaging and Biomedicine Applications.
• De la Fuente-Núñez, C., Reffuveille, F., Fernández, L., & Hancock, R. E. (2013). Bacterial biofilm development as a multicellular adaptation: antibiotic resistance and new therapeutic strategies. Current opinion in microbiology, 16(5), 580-589.
• Dhingra, H. K., & Priya, K. (2013). Physiological and molecular identification of polyhydroxybutyrates (PHB) producing micro-organisms isolated from root nodules of leguminous plants. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7(30), 3961-3967.
• Diriba, K., Kassa, T., Alemu, Y., & Bekele, S. (2020). In Vitro Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria from Suspected External Eye Infected Patients Attending Ophthalmology Clinic, Southwest Ethiopia. International Journal of Microbiology, 2020.
• Getachew, A., & Woldesenbet, F. (2016). Production of biodegradable plastic by polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) accumulating bacteria using low cost agricultural waste material. BMC research notes, 9(1), 1-9.
• Gumel, A. M., Annuar, M. S. M., & Heidelberg, T. (2012). Biosynthesis and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates copolymers produced by Pseudomonas putida Bet001 isolated from palm oil mill effluent. PLoS One, 7(9), e45214.
• Hassan, M. A., Bakhiet, E. K., Ali, S. G., & Hussien, H. R. (2016). Production and characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) produced by Bacillus sp. isolated from Egypt. J. App. Pharm. Sci, 6(4), 46-51.
• Hong, K., Sun, S., Tian, W., Chen, G. Q., & Huang, W. (1999). A rapid method for detecting bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates in intact cells by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 51(4), 523-526.
• Kalia, V. C., Ray, S., Patel, S. K., Singh, M., & Singh, G. P. (2019). The dawn of novel biotechnological applications of polyhydroxyalkanoates. In Biotechnological Applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (pp. 1-11). Springer, Singapore.
• Koller, M., Maršálek, L., de Sousa Dias, M. M., & Braunegg, G. (2017). Producing microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters in a sustainable manner. New biotechnology, 37, 24-38.
• Legat, A., Gruber, C., Zangger, K., Wanner, G., & Stan-Lotter, H. (2010). Identification of polyhydroxyalkanoates in Halococcus and other haloarchaeal species. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 87(3), 1119-1127.
• Mascarenhas, J., & Aruna, K. (2017). Screening of polyhydroxyalkonates (PHA) accumulating bacteria from diverse habitats. J Global Biosci, 6, 4835-48.
• Nigmatullin, R., Thomas, P., Lukasiewicz, B., Puthussery, H., & Roy, I. (2015). Polyhydroxyalkanoates, a family of natural polymers, and their applications in drug delivery. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 90(7), 1209-1221.
• Nurfitriani, N., & Hindersah, R. (2015). Effect of Fungi and Manure on Cadmium Content and Biomass of Maize Grown In Cadmium Contaminated Tailing from Bangka Indonesia. Current Research in Agricultural Sciences, 2(2), 42-52.
• Poltronieri, P., & Kumar, P. (2017). Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in industrial applications. Handbook of Ecomaterials. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 1-30.
• Rawte, T., & Mavinkurve, S. (2002). A rapid hypochlorite method for extraction of polyhydroxyalkanoates from bacterial cells.
• Rawte, T., & Mavinkurve, S. (2002). A rapid hypochlorite method for extraction of polyhydroxyalkanoates from bacterial cells.
• Rossi, S., Azghani, A. O., & Omri, A. (2004). Antimicrobial efficacy of a new antibiotic-loaded poly (hydroxybutyric-co-hydroxyvaleric acid) controlled release system. Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 54(6), 1013-1018.
• Sao D. S. (2017). Isolation, identification and characterization of antibiotic producing bacteria from soil at Dr C V Raman University Campus Bilaspur (C.G.),” World J. Pharm. Res., pp. 1004–1011, Aug.
• Sharma, P. K., Munir, R. I., Blunt, W., Dartiailh, C., Cheng, J., Charles, T. C., & Levin, D. B. (2017). Synthesis and physical properties of polyhydroxyalkanoate polymers with different monomer compositions by recombinant Pseudomonas putida LS46 expressing a novel PHA synthase (PhaC116) enzyme. Applied Sciences, 7(3), 242.
• Stepanović, S., Vuković, D., Dakić, I., Savić, B., & Švabić-Vlahović, M. (2000). A modified microtiter-plate test for quantification of staphylococcal biofilm formation. Journal of microbiological methods, 40(2), 175-179.
• Terada, M., & Marchessault, R. H. (1999). Determination of solubility parameters for poly (3-hydroxyalkanoates). International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 25(1-3), 207-215.
• Willyard, C. (2017). The drug-resistant bacteria that pose the greatest health threats. Nature News, 543(7643), 15.
• Zhang, J., Sato, H., Noda, I., & Ozaki, Y. (2005). Conformation rearrangement and molecular dynamics of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) during the melt-crystallization process investigated by infrared and two-dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopy. Macromolecules, 38(10), 4274-4281.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.