Background: Asthma is a chronic airways disease recognized by variable obstruction of the airflow, airway inflammation and hypperesponsiveness of the airway. The epithelial cytokines IL-33 and IL-25 have been implicated in asthma pathogenesis because they promote Th2-type cytokine synthesis.
Objectives: This study amid to show the role of both interleukins 25 and 33 in the airway inflammation.
Methods: The case- control study included 74 asthmatic children as patients group, 75 non asthmatic children as control group. Serum levels of IL-25 and IL-33 was measured by sandwich ELISA using ELISA kit (CUSABIO-china).
Results: Asthma was reported in a high frequency among males 56 (75.7%) than females 18 (24.3%). There was a high frequency of family history of asthma 50 (67.6%) and rhinitis 58(78.4%) in asthmatic patients. Also, there were a high frequency of aggravating by flu 50 (67.6 %) and dust 40 (54.1%) in asthmatic patients. According to the treatment, there was a high frequency of montelukaste 30 (40.5%) in asthmatic patients. In addition, there was a high frequency of mild severity in asthmatic patients. The serum level of IL-25 have a highly significant (P= 0.000) association with susceptibility to asthma, while IL-33 showing a non-significant (P= 0.473) association with the disease. Also, there were a non- significant correlation (P= 0.688) between IL-25 and IL-33 with the disease. Regarding correlation of IL-25 and IL-33 with Immunoglobulin E and eosinophil's count showing a non-significant association in asthmatic patients.
Conclusion: There was a highly significant association between the IL-25 serum level and susceptibility to asthma. Also, this study was reported a non-significant relationship between IL-33 and asthmatic disease.

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